12^th Global Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Conference August 08-09, 2018 Osaka, Japan

Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness

Ethnopharmacology has already played important role in the development of conventional medicine and is likely to play more significant role in the years to come. A team work amongst ethnobotanists, ethnopharmacologists, physicians and phytochemists is essential for the fruitful outcome on medicinal plants research. While the ethnopharmacologists have a greater role to play in the rationalization of combination of activities, the phytochemist's role will slightly shift towards standardization of botanicals. Indeed today many pharmacological classes of drugs include a natural product prototype. Aspirin, atropine, ephedrine, digoxin, morphine, quinine, reserpine and tubocurarine are a few examples of drugs, which were originally discovered through the study of traditional cures and folk knowledge of indigenous people.

Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources".

            Plant preparations are said to be medicinal or herbal when they are used to promote health beyond basic nutrition. The study of drugs from plants includes the subjects of botany, chemistry and pharmacology. The renaissance of herbal medicine in this country creates a demand for studies in the field of pharmacognosy.

Herbal medicines are naturally occurring, plant-derived substances that are used to treat illnesses within local or regional healing practices. These products are complex mixtures of organic. Chemical that may come from any raw or processed part of a plant. Since ancient times, herbal medicine has been used by many different cultures throughout the world to treat illness and to assist bodily functions. Well-known systems of herbal medicine like Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Medicine .
           Holistic medicine is a form of healing that considers the whole person body, mind, spirit, and emotions in the quest for optimal health and wellness. The practice of holistic medicine integrates conventional and alternative therapies to prevent and treat disease, and most importantly, to promote optimal health.
           By using healing herbs, people can thrive and focus on their overall conditions, rather than on a particular ailment that typically arises from a lack of equilibrium of the mind, body and environment.

Drugs from the plants are less costly, safe, and proficient and seldom have symptoms. These are for restorative utilize the plants are normally air dried to steady weight before extraction. Plant constituents are from any part of the plants like bark, leaves, blooms, roots, organic product, seeds. The therapeutic plant contains both customary and current solutions natural pharmaceutical have certifiable utility and around 80% of country populace relies upon essential social insurance. the plant extraction they require a few properties of low danger, simple vanishing at low warmth, conservation activity. The impact of separated plant phytochemicals relies upon nature of the plant material, and its locale, degree handling, dampness content, molecule estimate. These mixes are integrated by essential. They are generally utilized as a part of the human treatment, veterinary, farming, logical research and innumerable different territories

Phytochemistry is the investigation of phytochemicals, which are chemicals gotten from plants. Those considering phytochemistry endeavor to portray the structures of the vast number of auxiliary metabolic mixes found in plants, the elements of these mixes in human and plant science, and the biosynthesis of these mixes. Plants combine phytochemicals for some reasons, including to secure themselves against bug assaults and plant sicknesses. Phytochemicals in sustenance plants are regularly dynamic in human science, and much of the time have medical advantages.

Phytochemistry can be considered sub-fields of botany or chemistry. Activities can be led in botanical gardens or in the wild with the aid of ethnobotany. The applications of the discipline can be for pharmacognosy, or the discovery of new drugs, or as an aid for plant physiology studies

Korean medicine refers to the medical practices used in Korea, an ancient history with some overlap with TCM and the healing practices of East Asia. Traditional Korean medicine does not attempt to learn about the body by dissection, experimentation or analysis, but instead observes natural bodily functions as they appear in order to diagnose an illness or ailment. It also never limits the cause of even the most minor ailment to a local one, but examines the entire body to find the reason for the condition.

            Traditional Korean medicine developed over several millennia according to a unique system. During the Joseon Dynasty, it was considered inappropriate to apply Chinese medicine to Koreans

Traditional Japanese Medicine (TJM), an alternative form of medicine used in Japan. Although acupuncture, moxibustion, and several related medical practices also play important roles in TJM, herbal medicine.

The Japanese Traditional Herbal Medicine, Kampo, has gradually reemerged and 148 different formulations (mainly herbal extracts) can be prescribed within the national health insurance system.

Kampo is a Japanese traditional medicine with unique theories and therapeutic methods originally based on traditional Chinese medicine. The underlying idea of Kampo is that the human body and mind are inseparable and a balance of physical and mental is essential for human health.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a mending arrangement of Eastern medication created in China over 2,000 years back, joining treatments that are now and again centuries more established. One of its directing standards is to "dissipate underhandedness and bolster the great." notwithstanding treating ailment, TCM concentrates on fortifying the body's barriers and upgrading its ability for recuperating and to look after wellbeing.  

Traditional Chinese Medicine incorporates how the human body interfaces with all parts of life and the earth, including the seasons, climate, time of day, our eating regimen and enthusiastic states. It sees the way to wellbeing as the amicable and adjusted working of body, brain and soul, and holds that the adjust of wellbeing relies on upon the unhampered stream of qi (articulated chee) or "life vitality" through the body, along pathways known as meridians. Customary Chinese Medicine experts consider sickness to be the after effect of disturbances in the course of qi.

Ethnopharmacology is a related study of ethnic groups and their use of drugs. Ethnopharmacology is distinctly linked to plant use, ethnobotany, as this is the main delivery of pharmaceuticals.

Ethnopharmacy is the interdisciplinary science that investigates the perception and use of pharmaceuticals within a given human society. Emphasis has long been on traditional medicines, although the approach also has proven useful to the study of modern pharmaceuticals.

Ethnopharmacology is one of the world's quickest developing logical controls including a different scope of subjects. It joins common sciences inquire about on therapeutic, fragrant and harmful plants with socio-social reviews and has regularly been related with the improvement of new medications. The Editors of Ethnopharmacology have collected a global group of famous supporters of give a basic amalgamation of the significant assortment of new learning and confirmation regarding the matter that has risen over the previous decade.

• Ethnobiology
• Ethnobotany
• Clinical ethnopharmacy